1:50 PM
Detail regarding Disease No.1 as per List of Diseases issued by Govt. for Online Transfer Drive under MOTP Haryana
(Just
an overview to make understanding easier. Decision is completely at the discretion
of the competent authority.)
- Chronic Heart Diseases (Congenital
or acquired), including Cardiomyopathy & Heart Failure: - Chronic Heart Disease (CHD),
encompassing congenital (at birth) or acquired (later in life).
It involves conditions like cardiomyopathy (weakened muscle) and heart failure
(heart can't pump enough blood), often stemming from structural defects,
lifestyle, genetics, or infections, leading to fatigue, breathlessness, and
swelling, with management focusing on medications, procedures (like
catheterization/surgery), and lifestyle changes to improve heart function and
quality of life.
A)
Coronary Artery
Disease (CAD):-
It is a major type of acquired chronic heart disease
that often leads to other serious conditions like heart failure
and cardiomyopathy, but CAD itself is distinct from congenital
heart issues present from birth; it's an acquired blockage of
heart arteries, a primary cause of heart problems, not a congenital
defect.
Here's how they relate: DOWNLOAD PDF
Chronic Heart Disease (Acquired): This is a broad term for heart conditions that
develop over time.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): The most common acquired heart disease, caused by
plaque build-up (atherosclerosis) in arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.
Cardiomyopathy & Heart Failure: These are often consequences of untreated CAD or
heart attacks, weakening the heart muscle.
Congenital Heart Disease: Issues present from birth, different from acquired
CAD but can also lead to heart failure.
In essence:
CAD is a cause or type of chronic heart disease that can
lead to heart failure and cardiomyopathy, but it's not a congenital
defect; it's acquired later in life.
B) CAD-CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery) is indeed a type of bypass heart surgery. It's a
procedure to improve blood flow to the heart muscle by creating new pathways
(bypasses) around blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, using healthy blood
vessels from other body parts.
CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting): The surgical solution, also called heart bypass
surgery that reroutes blood flow.
How it works: A
healthy blood vessel (graft) is taken from your arm, leg, or chest. One
end of the graft is attached above the blockage, and the other end below it.
Blood flows through this new path, bypassing the blocked section and
supplying the heart muscle.
(Just an overview to make
understanding easier. Decision is completely at the discretion of the competent
authority.)
C) PTCA (Percutaneous Trans luminal Coronary
Angioplasty) is a primary
treatment for CAD (Coronary Artery Disease), a procedure that uses balloons
(and often stents) to open blocked heart arteries, restoring blood flow,
relieving symptoms like chest pain (angina), and preventing heart attacks,
though it doesn't cure the underlying plaque build-up, requiring lifestyle
changes post-procedure.
What is PTCA?
A minimally invasive procedure where a catheter with
a balloon is guided to the blocked artery. The balloon is inflated to
compress the plaque, widening the artery. A stent (a small mesh tube) is
usually placed to keep the artery open.
When is PTCA Used for CAD?
When significant blockages cause symptoms like
angina (chest pain) or shortness of breath. To improve blood flow and prevent
serious events like heart attacks.
What Happens After PTCA (Post-PTCA)?
Lifestyle Changes are Crucial: PTCA treats the blockage but not the disease
itself. Patients must adopt a heart-healthy diet, exercise regularly, manage
weight, and quit smoking.
Medications:
Doctors prescribe medications to manage cholesterol, blood pressure, and prevent
clots.
Cardiac Rehab:
Rehabilitation programs help with education, counselling, and physical
activity.
Risk of Recurrence: New blockages can form, so on-going care is
essential to slow CAD progression.
Just an overview to make understanding easier.
Decision is completely at the discretion of the competent authority.
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